Lappe Mark

Every row comes from a Form 4 filed with the SEC, which officers, directors and holders of more than 10% of a company’s stock must file within two business days of a trade. Transactions are grouped by the reporting owner’s name as filed (spacing, capitals and punctuation ignored); two different people filing under an identical name would appear together, and one person filing under two spellings appears on two pages.

Open-market totals count code P purchases and code S sales over the last 24 months. The same trade reported on more than one filing is counted once; when another owner (for example a fund and its general partner) reports the identical trade, they are listed beside it. Holdings are the shares owned after the latest purchase, sale, gift or tax-withholding line, shown separately for direct and indirect ownership; an indirect figure is one holding line, not a total across every trust or entity.